Nail discoloration, in which the nails appear white, yellow, or green, can result from different infections and conditions of the skin. In about 50% of cases, discolored nails are a result of infections with common fungi that can be found in the air, dust, and soil. There are many species of fungi that can affect nails. By far the most common, however, is called Trichophyton rubrum.

This type of fungus has a tendency to infect the skin and is therefore known as a dermatophyte. Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria that infects the nail bed and results in a greenish color to the nails. Red or black (that may sometimes appear bruised) nails may result from a hematoma (a collection of blood) under the nail as a result of trauma (including ingrown toenails).

Fungal infections can affect any part of the body. Fungi are normally present in and on the body alongside various bacteria. When a fungus begins to overgrow, you can get an infection.

There are many different causes of fungal nail infections, and each cause has a treatment of its own. Although many of the causes of a fungal nail infection are preventable, some risk factors increase the likelihood of developing it. You’re more likely to develop a fungal nail infection if you.

Making a few simple lifestyle changes can help prevent a fungal infection of the nails. Taking good care of your nails by keeping them well trimmed and clean is a good way to prevent infections.

Causes of nail splitting:

Nutritional Deficiency: Deficiency of essential fatty acids, Vitamin E, Vitamin A can result in splitting of nails.

Chronic systemic disease: Nail splitting can also be a sign of underlying conditions like chronic liver disease or chronic renal failure.

Trauma: If you are habituated to nail biting or thumb sucking as a kid, then you could suffer from brittle nails and vertical nail splitting.

Tips for prevention:

dr Pushpa kr recommends intake of protein-rich foods and vitamin A supplements if this is a frequent issue.

Wearing gloves while performing household chores and during contact with cleaning agents, hair colours and other chemicals.

Keep nails moisturised and practice nail hygiene

What are ingrown nails?

Ingrown nails are the nails that penetrate into the nail bed as they grow. They most commonly occur on toenails. The condition is also called Onychocryptosis.
Symptoms of Ingrown nails

Pain in the nail bed and on the margins of the nail

Discomfort or pain on wearing closed toe shoes

Discomfort or pain on putting pressure on the nails

Treatment of ingrown nails

Medication Antibiotics could be prescribed for fungal or bacterial infections.

Topical treatment Antiseptics could be prescribed for topical application.

Nail surgeries - Nail Surgeries like Matricectomy or Partial nail avulsion may be required for severe conditions.